Rutherford B. Hayes Biography - 19th President of the US

Sustainable Supply Chains Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Manageable Supply Chains - Research Paper Example A progressively far reaching meaning of maintainability incorporates every one of the three establishments of manageability, including the individuals, economy and the earth. On the off chance that lone the social and ecological improvement is occurring that is alluded to as â€Å"bearable† (Chick and Micklethwaite). In the event that lone the social and monetary improvement is occurring, that is alluded to as â€Å"equitable†, while, if just the ecological and financial advancement takes puts, that is alluded to as â€Å"viable† (Chick and Micklethwaite). Maintainability happens just when every one of the three measurements grow at the same time; that is, it is tolerable, evenhanded and practical. A critical driver of this activity is the administration. The legislature can think of measures, for example, natural names, licenses and item structure rules (New Zealand Council for Sustainable Development). There are as of now various guidelines set up for supportab ility. These incorporate U.S. Ranch security and country venture act (2002), European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), China ROHS, E.U. Beautifying agents order, E.U. Bundling Directive, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and REACH. What's more there are International Standards, for example, WRAP, FLA, ICTI CARE, ISO 14000 and ISO 26000 for tending to ecological causes (Business for Social Responsibility). For effectively understanding an economical gracefully chain, an association needs to experience five significant advances. The first if Business Case Development which requires taking a gander at the outer condition and study contextual investigations of organizations which have done so effectively previously. An investigation ought to be done of the distinctions when this usage (United Nations Global Impact). These activities must be driven by the top administration. After this investigation a responsibility must be made by the board indiv iduals to deal with the equivalent. The second is â€Å"Risk, Gap and Scope assessment† which acknowledges the way that the reasonable gracefully chain activity has various dangers which could have a momentary effect on funds or new operational bottlenecks. These dangers must be recorded and alleviation plans must be created. A hole examination between the present state and future state is required with the goal that endeavors could be made to overcome any issues. It is additionally fundamental to choose the extent of the activity at this phase in accordance with hierarchical techniques and needs (United Nations Global Impact). The third step is Supply chain ID which requires an inward appraisal of the firm’s flexibly chain. The position that the company’s gracefully affix holds comparative with other flexibly ties should be surveyed (New Zealand Council for Sustainable Development). The following stage is Implementation. In this progression, the desires for the association are conveyed to providers, wholesalers and every single other accomplice in the upstream and downstream flexibly chains. Inner tasks are realigned to acclimate to the new needs. The associations attempt to manufacture vital organizations whenever required to understand its objectives. These may incorporate organizations with outsider strategic suppliers, IT re-appropriating firms, experts, etc (Nunes, Junior and Ramos). Next, Measurement is done whereby new measurements must be acquainted with track execution on

Will Management Consulting Prepare You for Entrepreneurship

Will Management Consulting Prepare You for Entrepreneurship © Shutterstock.com | ImageFlowThe aim of this article is to analyze and to answer the question of whether management consulting would prepare you for entrepreneurship. In order to answer this question, I will go through the following sections: 1) an introduction to management consulting vs entrepreneurship; 2) whether management consulting is good preparation for entrepreneurship, 3) overall answer to the question, and 4) real life stories from several entrepreneurs utilizing consulting skills.CONSULTING VS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AN INTRODUCTIONWhat is entrepreneurship?An entrepreneur is a person who starts and manages his/her own business or enterprise and takes the onus of all risks and opportunities. An entrepreneur is wholly responsible for planning business strategies, acquiring human and other resources and deciding on budget allocations.To become a successful entrepreneur, youll need to get into the type of business that you know you will enjoy doing and are also qualified enough to handle. You should be an avid planner and a great money manager. Also, sales and marketing should come naturally to you, and you should be able to forge strong relationships with your customers. You should be ready to update your business regularly with the latest technologies, and to craft your business to have that all-important competitive edge over your rivals and to create a positive business image. Lastly, you should be able to put together a great and highly-motivated team.What is management consulting?Management consulting is the branch of consulting that helps a business augment its performance by analyzing problems facing the business and providing solutions. Management consulting spans across most fields like human resources, marketing, technology, payroll, and finance.As a management consultant, there is a vast scope for gathering industry experience at both macro and micro levels, and this goes a long way toward personal development.In what ways do management consult ants differ from entrepreneurs?Although related to each other in several aspects, management consultants differ vastly from entrepreneurs.Doers vs. Advisers: First and foremost, entrepreneurs are the business owners, consultants are not. An entrepreneur takes ALL responsibilities for the business, whereas a management consultant only HELPS the business achieve its goals. Entrepreneurs are the DOERS while consultants are the advisers.Theory vs. Practice: Management consultants are more theory-oriented. They possess all the intricate knowledge necessary to run a business. Entrepreneurs are more street-smart. Entrepreneurs are typically a lot closer to the actual markets than consultants are.Risk taking: Entrepreneurs are much more likely to take risks on behalf of the business than consultants would be willing to. Entrepreneurs focus on the risk aspect of any new proposition. Entrepreneurs can be much more sceptical than consultants.Multitasking: Entrepreneurs inherently multitask af ter all they own the business. So its not unusual for entrepreneurs to have a hand in most of their companies tasks. The role of management consultants is much more specialized and restricted.IS MANAGEMENT CONSULTING GOOD PREPARATION FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP?In order to answer this question, I would like to walk through several areas.SkillsSkills you can learn in Management ConsultingA management consultant has to hone a good number of specialized skills if he/she hopes to succeed as an entrepreneur. They are:Analytical skills: Analytical skills are the USP of any successful management consultant. A skilled consultant is able to analyze and solve problems that are outside the purview of even top-level management.Strategy and critical thinking: By way of management consulting, knowledge about how to analyze and structure a problem will be attained. A skilled consultant is able to break down a problem into its constituent elements and then compare it with existing case scenarios. He/she i s able to get to the core of the problem and represent it concisely. The consultant is then able to provide a viable solution to the problem, effectively taking care of all constrictions and compromises. These strategic skills will definitely help the consultant cultivate competence in problem-solving and help him/her apply these skills in the future as a possible entrepreneur.Networking skills: Understanding the customer and communicating effectively with him is one of the essential skills of a management consultant. A good consultant listens to his/her customers and makes sure that he/she is well understood as well. Networking skills help the consultant develop his/her capabilities to identify their audience, whether it is within the company or outside, and understand what drives or motivates them and what constrains them.Fast learning skills: A good consultant has to be a quick learner. A consultant should also be a continuous learner. He/she should be prepared to ask questions a nd seek clarifications. Asking questions is a great way to convey to your client or customer that you are getting involved.Presentation skills: Good presentation skills are a given for any management consultant. A good consultant is able to condense weeks of hard and fruitful work into concise, to-the-point presentations.Prioritizing skills (80/20 approach): A corollary of the Pareto Principle states that 80% of a companys profits comes from 20% of its customers. An efficient consultant is able to identify these high-priority customers and give them their deserved right of way.Skills you need to become an Entrepreneur and start your business, depending on the stage of the businessThere are generally three stages of a business. They are:1st Stage The Idea StageIn the idea stage, two abilities are tested:The ability to innovate, andThe ability to take initiatives.At this stage, an entrepreneur decides on the central idea of his startup company. He focuses on the three core innovation skills thinking, talking and doing. Thinking is research. Research and analysis done well will reveal the needs of the market and what kind of product or service it is ready for.But, of course, as a consultant, the ability to innovate is limited creativity cannot be acquired, nor does it come from experience. Hence, skills learned from being a consultant helps only limited at this stage of starting your business.As an entrepreneur you must be able and willing to act proactively. You must display the three central qualities of a proactive actor self-discipline, optimism and competitiveness.2nd Stage The Prototyping and Development StageIn this stage, two more abilities are put to the test:The ability to plan and foresee, andThe ability to learn and network.As an entrepreneur you should be able to plan his resources, whether they are financial, personal or time-related. You should be able to set realistic deadlines and routinely meet them.Successful entrepreneurs are continuous l earners. They do not shy away from asking for advice from their mentors. They communicate frequently and clearly. They are endless networkers, always looking for opportunities to create new customer bases.3rd Stage The Growth StageHere, the following two qualities of an entrepreneur come into play during the growth stage of a startup:Analytical and decision-making abilities, andProfit-oriented focus.The analytical and problem-solving skills of a consultant do come in handy when transforming into an entrepreneur. As a consultant, one is exposed to  many different scenarios that are both unique and challenging. This vast  amount of experience gathered in diverse fields is priceless to the future  entrepreneur.Building a rock-solid reputation and competitive advantage will guarantee profits.This brings us back to the question: Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?The answer is YES. A vast majority of the skills are pretty useful. BUT this depends on  the develop ment stage of the startup, the startup business model, and the market where it operates.Responsibility StressResponsibility you can expect in Management ConsultingResponsibility is typically restricted if you are a management consultant. You are only responsible to solve company problems analytically and using market and industry knowledge. But the responsibility for the success of the solution, when implemented, is not carried by a management consultant.Stress you can expect in Management Consulting The stress situation for a management consultant typically stems from client pressure and the urgency to meet deadlines. Getting random work assignments also lengthens the project and increases the stress level. Then there is the much-dreaded travel-related stress.Responsibility (but with Ability to take risks)  you can expect as an EntrepreneurThe scenario is vastly different when you assume the role of an entrepreneur. I have mentioned before that an entrepreneur is ENTIRELY responsi ble for the success of his startup. As an entrepreneur, you OWN your companys vision. Other people are there just to help. So, its paramount that you communicate your vision to your employees and associates in clear terms. You need to inculcate the sense of responsibility in them and help them embrace your values. From these values, you will be able to create a work culture that is unique and beneficial to your company.You are responsible for measuring the performance of your company and driving it. You need to plan your time slots and set priorities to your tasks.An entrepreneur is not only responsible to solve startup issues, but also to take and carry the risk of the decisions made during every stage of the startup development. Hence, an entrepreneur experiences rather often the so-called roller coaster.Lets face it the decision to abandon your paycheck as a consultant and take on the role of an entrepreneur is in itself a big risk.Secondly, as an entrepreneur, you are liable to use up your personal savings on your business. You should have the gumption and the moral fiber to put your hard-earned money on the line. And its not money alone. As an entrepreneur, you will be required to invest a lot of your personal time and, of course, your health in your business.You also must have the ability to cope with a less-than-steady cash flow. However, one of the biggest responsibility to take as an entrepreneur is to completely trust your employees. As a startup, you would not have the luxury of hiring a full-fledged team and will have to pass on a few important tasks to some key employees. Absolute trust is a must in this scenario.Stress you can expect as an EntrepreneurStress in the case of entrepreneurship is based mostly on the market. It also has a lot to do with your constant endeavor not to make a wrong decision and dent your business prospects.Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?Mostly, No. But consulting has little to do with coachi ng you on your responsibilities. It teaches you great skills, no doubt, but skills alone are not enough to assume the role of a successful entrepreneur. Responsibilities can seldom be taught and are not acquired by experience. A sense of responsibility is inherent its all in the attitude and not in the aptitude.ExpertiseMarket and industry expertise in Management ConsultingExperience in the market and industry will impart a set of essential skills to the management consultant.Market knowledge domain expertise you need as an Entrepreneur A highly-educated and management trained consultant can ease his way into the market. The market, especially, provides a consultant ample opportunities to hone his domain expertise and make practical use of it. Management consulting prepares you to face the market by associating you with clients that have a strong market presence. Working with these clients in order to augment their operational efficiency and formulate business strategies helps you be at the top of things in your domain.Typical requirements of the market and industry knowledge for becoming an Entrepreneur and starting your business:The market and industry knowledge that you gather as a consultant will make you proficient in understanding your customers needs as an entrepreneur. This knowledge helps you understand the market your competitors, their pricing strategies, new entrants, new products, etc.Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?As far as expertise is concerned, definitely. Aptitude is the biggest fringe benefit that you can hope to gain by being associated with major industry players as a consultant.Co-WorkingCo-working skills you can learn in Management ConsultingPeople Skills: Management consultants may not be very well-received internally at the client company. As such, people skills are an absolute must. Every consultant is required to develop a relationship of trust and mutual goodwill with employees at short notice.Teamwor k: Consulting inherently provides a great environment for teamwork. Since, as a consultant, you work with other consultants as well as with employees of the client company, there is a lot of interaction and collaboration taking place.Skills you need to become a successful EntrepreneurAs an entrepreneur, the biggest challenge is to initiate co-working interaction. When you start your own business, it is highly probable that you are working with a few or no co-founders at all. The best thing to do in this situation is to communicate and associate with other similar entrepreneurs.But as your company gets bigger, you have to ensure a friendly and collaborative atmosphere in your company. Hence, co-working skills will be of use for every entrepreneur as well.Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?Yes, co-working and people skills gained as a consultant should help you in forging new social and business relationships.Working HoursTypical working hours in Management Co nsultingWorking hours in management consulting are not predictable they vastly depend on the project you have at hand. Although you generally work fixed hours, it is often difficult or even impossible to predict possible overtime hours.Typical working hours if you are an EntrepreneurWorking hours in entrepreneurship can vary depending on your current projects and the development stage you are in. Overtime hours are very typical especially for young startups.Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?Yes, management consulting does prepare you to take up ad hoc responsibilities as an entrepreneur. It also prepares you for those last-minute schedule changes as and when they come.TravelingAmount of traveling you should expect in Management ConsultingTraveling may be appealing to the new consultant, but with time, travel takes its toll, especially when the consultant has a family to care for. Management consulting will prepare you to schedule your travels and make last -minute travel arrangements.Amount of traveling you should expect as an EntrepreneurAs an entrepreneur, you are much less likely to travel unplanned. However, due to business constraints, you will most likely be obligated to travel when you want to communicate in person with your clients or look for investors in other cities or even countries.Does Management Consulting prepare you for Entrepreneurship?When you start as a business model which requires geographical flexibility, your traveling experience as a former consultant comes in handy. You are able to carry over your cultivated habits of flying to different locations and entertaining clients.OVERALL ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONPartly Yes, management consulting definitely would help you in some areas of entrepreneurship. It does so in the following ways:Application of best practices: As a consultant, you get to polish all your theoretical skills obtained during your management education. You are able to develop core competency skills l ike time management, people management, teamwork and change management.Knowledge of the market: Exposure to the market empowers you with that all-important market knowledge.Problem-solving skills come in handy: Dealing with a variety of clients with conflicting interests, handling projects with sharp deadlines and dealing with other stressful situations from time to time help you gain expertise as a problem solver.Wider network connections: Working in different teams helps you network with people around you better. You learn how to get involved and build your community.BUT this is not the full list of the skills required for entrepreneurship. This depends on the development stage of your startup, on the industry where the startup is working, etc.REAL LIFE STORIES OF ENTREPRENEURS UTILIZING THEIR MANAGEMENT CONSULTING EXPERIENCESHere are a few real life instances of successful entrepreneurs with previous experience in management consulting.The Story of Diana GoodwinA commerce graduat e from the University of Toronto, Diana had several years worth of experience as a swimming instructor under her belt. After graduating, she joined Bain Company as a management consultant.With a high-profile job in her hands, Diana still dreamt of starting a swimming school for children that would provide individualized training.Pretty soon, Diana realized her dreams in the form of AquaMobile Swim School a school providing premium coaching to children. A part-time business at first, the school soon developed into a full-time business once Diana realized its immense business potential.Diana quit her job and enrolled in an MBA program. By the time she graduated, Diana was armed with a strong business plan about how to push AquaMobile into the big league. Her management experience helped her bring in the money easily.Now a successful entrepreneur, Diana points out some things that helped in her transition to an entrepreneur starting early, focusing on the main business idea, and net working vigorously.The Story of Dan StreetDan Streets story began differently. Management consulting and private equity finance were not really useful, and actually even hurtful in an early stage, while growing his startup, Borrowed Sugar, a software company. However, it was pretty useful for his company in the later stages when his motive was to raise capital and scale up his business. Management consulting helped Dan grow his company with ease.The Story of Slava RubinMedia entrepreneur, Slava Rubin is a great example of how a university-based academic education, a stint abroad for global/international education, and management consulting for corporate education taught him how big companies operate and make decisions.Corporate education in a form of a management consultant taught Slava the ins and outs of how Fortune 500 companies operate. He obtained the essential skills of decision-making and varied exposure by working with different companies.According to Slava, management consu lting was nothing short of an extension of his education to reach his ultimate goal entrepreneurship.

Self Reflection And Self Awareness Reflection Paper

Codependency: Self-Reflection and Self-Awareness Reflection Paper In the last several weeks, I had an opportunity to look back and analyze the events that has shaped my life. This was a unique experience where I was emotionally comfortable enough to look back at life. I was able too objectively revisit many events that were often buried and too painful to face. While doing this, I felt I had finally become free from the turmoil of fears of failure, anger, regret and isolation, which often clouded my perception. I was able to dwell on many pleasant and unpleasant events with more comfort and confidence of knowing that every road that taken in my life led to me to where I am today. There are many of us walking around trying to figure out who we are and what we stand for. Self-reflection conveyed in many different ways, using many different adjectives to describe the person we are. Many will give an honest description of one’s self and then there is some whom become delusional wi th the perception they want others to see. With that said, I was one of those who fell into the delusional category. What I also discovered about myself while being in this course, I have more codependency traits than previously believed. The moment I became honest with myself, can admit that I have codependency issues. A few codependency traits I discovered concerning myself, beyond the ones been known for a while would be as follows: people pleaser, poor boundaries, and reactivity. Those alongShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Self Awareness1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe IAT self-awareness reflection paper will discuss personal reactions to the results of the exercise. It will also reflect on personal development towards being culturally competent counselor and the areas of growth. In addition, the paper will identify certain techniques to improvise counseling with LGBTQI+ clients. Reactions: My result of the IAT self-awareness test showed slight preference towards the straight people over gay people. Although the test results showed slight preference towardsRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Awareness2252 Words   |  10 Pageshelp me understand myself in a way that inspires growth; the questions and structure of the assessment resonated with my true feelings, inciting reflection, and making me more transparent. Dissecting my personality type has improved the understand of myself and others, allowing me to appreciate my strengths more, and improve my weaknesses. Self-awareness is a powerful mechanism for evaluating individual, group, and organizational dynamics in and way that is enriching and positive. Becoming a betterRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Awareness Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Awareness Today I was apprehensive as it was my first time in a clinical experience. Based on my perspective that cancer ends in death and is full of struggles for the individual, I began feeling very depressed when meeting each patient. I began to realize this is the case as two out of the three patients I had met, had cancer and I became very quiet and did not know what to say to them as the nurse was hanging chemotherapy. I have hope that as time goes on I will learn how to overcome thisRead MoreThe Link Between Time, Money and Morality Essay979 Words   |  4 Pageswhereas the time leads to self-reflection, which directs people away from unethical behaviour. Although methodologically sound and the link clear, the paper focuses on the direct relationship between wanting money and behaving dishonestly. The paper could be made more applicable by considering impacting factors that affect unethical behaviour and focusing less on suggesting greed and lack of self-awareness as the reason for che ating. Being a primary focus of the paper, time was operationally definedRead MoreCritical Reflection On Self And, And Challenging External Power Structures804 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-directedness or self-affirmation, and challenging external power structures begins with challenging our own assumptions and developing moral courage to bring to supervision and peers. We can begin identifying assumptions that oppose our interests that potentially harm service users (Bloom, 2006). Through critical reflection we have a better understanding of power relationships, which makes us mindful of not perpetuating people’s experiences of oppression in our working relationships with themRead MoreLeaders Are Born Not Made1254 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization. In my opinion, great leaders are the ones who inspire and motivate the employees to be the best they can be. We have all heard the saying that â€Å"leaders are born not made†, but I would argue great leadership takes a heavy dose of self-reflection and discipline, along with consistent and constant educational and mentoring experiences. Having been in leadership roles for over 22 years of my life, I can assure you I am not the same leader today, that I was 20 years ago. The key for organizationalRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pages1. Within Sports Coaching Literature, it has been established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse andRead MorePersonal Reflection On The Social Work Profession847 Words   |  4 PagesMy paper is a personal reflection on my understanding of the social work profession, as I get ready for my field placement. I will reflect on my evolving sense of professional identity, and will discuss my growth in terms of self-awareness. I will further deliberate about my knowledge of the Social Work profession. My current understanding of the profession, and activities, tasks and roles that I may undertake in a placement situation The Social Work profession in Ontario is a complete, accreditedRead MoreGenuine Reflection Paper1050 Words   |  5 PagesReflection is more than considering how we carried out a nursing action. Genuine reflection requires us not just to provide justifications for our behaviors, but to continue to study and appraise ourselves and own personal development including how we communicate and interact with others. Self-reflection ensures we carry out our nursing obligations according to the requirements of our practice and that we connect and consider our patients and coworkers in a caring way (Jacobs, 2016). Nurses alsoRead More Personal Development and Reflective Reasoning in Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages In order to fully understand the personal development and reflective reasoning in relation to your development in the Nursing field, one will have to define these two terminologies. Personal development means to include activities that improve awareness, can develop potentia l that will ultimately enhance the quality of life. Medical colleges advocate personal development plans as a basis for continuing professional development. Whereas, reflective reasoning is where a nurse can apply learning and

An Analysis of Freuds Uncanny - 4369 Words

Freuds Uncanny Repression Freuds Uncanny had many concepts and ideas extracted from it. The idea of repression and dark secrets was one of the most prominent ones. Linked with these ideas were various elements like coincidences, supernatural powers and spooky settings that set the stage for a mysterious tale. Many authors have made use of these elements of literature to make the readers stay on the edge of their seat. Two books that will be discussed in detail are The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde and The Signalman by Charles Dickens. Uncanny is a concept and theory which covers all that is not right. (Freud 219) The entire subject revolved around things that promote uncertainty and are linked to dull and creepy notions. A prominent use of tactic in gothic literature, uncanny also means a reference to the places that are spine chilling. Examples could be dungeons, castles, or graveness. There is no set meaning of the word uncanny yet it is always linked to something that gives rise to fear. (Freud, 219) The world unheimlich is the antagonist of Heimlich which beings known or native. Surely, if someone doesnt know anything, it wouldnt be that that certain thing is frightening. However, there is a possibility. (Freud, 220) That is so say that if you know a place is safe, you arent scarred to go there and even live there. On the other hand, if a place is unknown, a person will have his or her doubts. On top of that, that place is something in a corner andShow MoreRelatedFreuds Interpretations of Uncanny Essay653 Word s   |  3 PagesFreud’s concept of the â€Å"uncanny† is a highly influential and valued in psychoanalysis and literature. As Freud explains, it reveals much about his understanding of human beings as being essentially determined by their fears and unconscious desires. His interpretation of uncanny can be analyzed in two ways: linguistic and actual. In the beginning, he starts with the term â€Å"uncanny†, which is taken from German word â€Å"unheimlich†, literally meaning â€Å"un-home-like† – something unfamiliar and unknown, neverRead MoreEssay on Nella Larsens Passing1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of the uncanny can be a difficult one to comprehend; this is why Freud begins his essay with an analysis of the different definitions of the uncanny in various languages. Ultimately Freud rests that the German terms â€Å"heimlich† and â€Å"unheimlich† best match the definition of the uncanny because it is translated a s familiar and unfamiliar. The uncanny can be defined as something that creates a feeling of familiarity but also unfamiliarity, and this unfamiliarity is what is fearful to theRead MoreSigmund Freud s Frankenstein 1361 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding instances of the definition of the uncanny. It was based on his psychoanalytic work to treat behavioral disorders. 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It was based on his psychoanalytic work to treat behavioral disorders and he contend that the humanâ €™s behavior is affected by their unconscious that was driven by desires, fears, needs and conflict that they are unware of; he explained the definition of the uncanny which is â€Å"the uncanny is that class of the frightening which lead back to what is known of old and long familiar.† One can see the relation of the uncanny to May Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monsterRead MoreA Psychological Point Of View The Appearance Of The Apparitions963 Words   |  4 Pageswas seeking out opportunities to interact with the Master again, â€Å"conception is one of which we are not aware, but the existance of which we are nevertheless ready to admit on account of other proofs or signs† (A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-analysis 1). This unconscious desire driven by her Id’s primary function of desire, in her case desire for the master, caused her to see apparitions that would cause the Master to notice her and come back. Being that the governess is forced not to interactRead MoreComparison Of Freud And Jentsch s Concept Of The Uncanny1143 Words   |  5 Pagesnotion of â€Å"uncanny.†   Previous studies were conducted on this subject by the German psychologist Ernst Anton Jentsch, and served as the starting point for Freud’s analysis. However, the feeling of â€Å"uncanny† was not an easy concept to identify. Jentsch concluded that it fits in the area of the fear of the unfamiliar and intellectual uncertainty. Freud, with some opposition to Jentsch’s investigation, took it further from what Jentsch concluded. Freud theorizes that â€Å"the ‘uncanny’ is that classRead MoreThe Tale of Bigfoot1634 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Carradine and Joi Lansing I have made connections to the concepts and theories we have discussed in class. To name some of these theorists and concepts such as, Mary Douglas theory of dirt, Aristotle’s conceptualization of reproduction, Freud’s uncanny and the double, and Ann Ratcliff’s difference between terror and horror. Despite the terrible and cheesy 1970’s effects this movie is actually enjoyable to watch and the perfect movie for analyzing the theoretical concepts we have learned throughoutRead MoreThe Artistic Interventions Of The Freud Home / Museum Communicate Ideas Around Memory And The Uncanny2273 Words   |  10 Pages Assessment #2 Analyse the ways in which the artistic interventions made in the Freud home/museum communicate ideas around memory and the Uncanny. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, developed an entirely new way of understanding the human mind; he is regarded as the founder of psychoanalysis. His London home was used by the Freud family from 1938 until the death of his youngest daughter AnnaRead More Art, Surrealism, and the Grotesque Essay4657 Words   |  19 Pagesthrough therapeutic rationality. There are volumes of Freudian art criticism, which typically begin by calling attention to manifestations, in some work of art, of the darkest desires of the id. Perhaps in no field of art criticism does Freuds name appear more frequently than in surrealism, and for various reasons, the grotesque figures very strongly in that art movement. From the association of surrealist art and Freud, we can derive a cursory understanding of the grotesque in thisRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Bram Stoker s Dracula1285 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud’s essay â€Å"The Uncanny† theorizes the duality of certain themes common in gothic literature as strange and frightening yet familiar, further explaining that the â€Å"uncanny effect is produced by effacing the distinction between imagination and reality.† (Freud pg.396) Bram Stoker s, Dracula, captures the thematic zeitgeist of gothic Europe; the repression and trappings of a rigid and formal society masking the carnal and base desires of the population at large. Freud s analysis of the uncanny

Do Children Read Purely For Enjoyment Education Essay Free Essays

string(122) " male childs than misss reported that they read because it will assist them acquire a occupation or because they have to\." The term reading for pleasance is the 1 used most frequently in official British course of study paperss. Pleasure and enjoyment are both words that occur, for illustration, in England ‘s National Curriculum ( NC ) programmes of survey for reading ( DfEE/QCA, 1999: 46 ) . Reading is an of import first measure to personal development, and to societal, economic and civic life ( Holden, 2004 cited in Clark and Rumbold, 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Do Children Read Purely For Enjoyment Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It allows us to larn â€Å" about other people, about history and societal surveies, linguistic communication, scientific discipline, mathematics, and the other content topics that must be mastered in school. The National Literacy Trust defined reading for pleasance as â€Å" reading that we do of our ain free will, expecting the satisfaction that we will acquire from the act of reading. It besides refers to reading that holding begun at person else ‘s petition we continue because we are interested in it † Nell ( 1988 ) , besides states that reading for pleasance is a signifier of drama that allows us to see other universes and functions in our imaginativeness. This is supported by Holden ( 2004 cited in Clark and Rumbold, 2006 ) who besides regarded reading as a â€Å" originative activity † that is far removed from the inactive chase it is often perceived to be. Others such as Graff ( 1992 ) have described reading for pleasance as an interpretative activity, which is shaped by the reader ‘s outlooks and experiences every bit good as by the societal contexts in which it takes topographic point. However, reading for pleasance could be described as being much more than merely a signifier of drama and escape ; it is besides a manner of linking with a text. Pullman ( 2004 ) , wrote on the characteristics that make reading pleasurable: â€Å" See the nature of what happens when we read a book†¦ It is n’t like a talk: its like a conversation. There ‘s a back-and-forthness about it. The book proposes, the reader inquiries, the book responds, the reader considers. And we are active about the procedure†¦ We can plane or we can read it easy ; we can read every word, or we can jump long transitions ; we can read it in the order it presents itself, or we can read it in any order we please ; we can look at the last page foremost, or make up one’s mind to wait for it ; we can set the book down and†¦ we can accede or we can differ. † This infusion has been taken from a Guardian article, and is written by the writer Phillip Pullman. He describes reading as a democratic activity because the reader can take charge of what they read. On the other manus, he states that theocracies have a narrow thought of what literacy is, in that they believe it contains merely one thing, and has merely one intent ( Pullman, 2004 ) . Although the article was most likely to hold been written with grownups in head, the infusion taken could be applied to readers of all ages. All definitions fit in with thought of reading for pleasance. Connecting with a text enables the reader to prosecute to the full in what they are reading. However, when engaged in a text we are able to see different universes and functions which can spread out our imaginativenesss. Are kids reading for pleasance? Harmonizing to Clark and Rumbold ( 2006 ) , research suggests that a turning figure of kids do non read for pleasance, and that there appears to be a diminution in the Numberss of kids reading for pleasance over clip. Between 2000 and 2009, on norm, the per centum of kids who reported reading for enjoyment day-to-day dropped by 5 % , from 69 % to 64 % ( OECD, 2010 ) . This signals the challenge for schools to prosecute immature people in reading activities that they find relevant and interesting. The primary purpose of the research conducted by Clark and Rumbold ( 2006 ) was to research reading for pleasance, with the chief focal point being on kids. Their research has been used a great trade within this paper for its relevancy to the assignment rubric. This determination is supported by grounds from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ( PIRLS ) , which indicated that attitudes to reading hold declined somewhat in England ( in 2006 compared to 2001 ) ( Twist et al. 2007 cited in ESARD, 2012 ) . What was found highlighted that kids in England had less positive attitudes to reading than kids in most other states. It was besides identified that misss by and large enjoy reading more than boys. This is looked at, more in deepness, farther on in the paper. Additionally, a study by the publishing houses Pearson, who questioned instructors, identified that 74 % warned that students did non pass adequate clip reading outside the schoolroom ( BBC News, 2012 ) . Children ‘s writer Frank Cottrell Boyce highlights the issue by stating, â€Å" It ‘s worrying to believe that so many immature kids are non being inspired to pick up a good book and acquire lost in a narrative. † ( BBC News, 2012 ) . This highlights a clear demand to do certain that kids are being provided with the right types of books which stimulate their involvement, capture their imaginativeness and do them desire to turn the following page. Why do kids read? Evidence suggests that reading for pleasance is non ever cited as the chief ground for kids reading. Surveies have explored the issue of why kids read and there have been comparable consequences. The bulk of kids surveyed responded with accomplishments based grounds, grounds to make with acquisition and apprehension, or emotional grounds ( ESARD, 2012 ) . This is supported by a study conducted by the National Literacy Trust ( NLT ) as portion of Reading Connects ( Clark and Foster, 2005 ) , who found that the bulk of kids emphasised accomplishments related grounds for reading. One-half of the kids said they read because it is a accomplishment for life and because it will assist them happen what they want or need to cognize. More male childs than misss reported that they read because it will assist them acquire a occupation or because they have to. You read "Do Children Read Purely For Enjoyment Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Girls indicated that reading is fun, teaches them how other people live and because it gives them a interruption. However, a survey conducted by Dungworth et Al ( 2004 ) showed consequences that pointed more strongly towards pleasance being a ground for kids reading. This fitted in with the thought that reading was emotional, and related to the manner reading made them experience. Some kids besides said that they read because it was loosen uping. It should be noted that this study was merely conducted with twelvemonth 5 students and hence does non possibly demo a true representation of primary school kids of all ages. The literature suggests that there is a split between grounds why kids read. On the one manus there are the kids who read for enjoyment and for relaxation, whilst others do it chiefly because it is educational and enlightening. However, the bulk of kids do look to tilt towards more skill related grounds as to why they read. This indicates that the pleasance may be taken out of reading for them. The benefits linked with reading for pleasance? Research with kids has shown that reading for pleasance is positively linked with many benefits. Clark and Rumbold ( 2006:8-9 ) identified these chief countries as the benefits to reading for pleasance in the National Literacy Trust ‘s Reading for Pleasure: Reading attainment and composing ability ; Text comprehension and grammar ; Breadth of vocabulary ; Positive reading attitudes ; Greater self assurance as a reader ; Pleasure in reading in ulterior life ; General cognition ; A better apprehension of other civilizations ; Community engagement, and A greater penetration into human nature and decision-making Harmonizing to the National Literacy Trust, they are dedicated to constructing a literate state and emphasize the importance of reading for pleasance as one manner to progress literacy attainment in kids. Similarly, Clark and De Zoysa ( 2011 ) , who have been referred to below, besides focussed their research on immature people. Due to the complexness of some of the inquiries and constructs, they decided to curtail the age scope of take parting students to upper KS2 ( 9-11 old ages and older ) , hence the findings can non possibly be generalised to all students in lower KS2 and KS1. Reading for pleasance in KS1 and lower KS2 is an country that does necessitate more focal point and research. Clark and De Zoysa ( 2011 ) found a important positive relationship between enjoyment and attainment. This indicates that kids who read more are besides better readers. However, they made no deduction sing cause and consequence, hence higher attainment may take to more enjoyment of reading or greater enjoyment may take to higher attainment. In a big graduated table study, Clark ( 2011 ) likewise found that those who reported basking reading were six times more likely than those who did non bask reading to read above the expected degree for their age. In contrast, kids who reported non basking reading at all were 11 times more likely than those who enjoyed reading to read below the degree expected for their age. It was besides found that merely one in 10 kids who read seldom or ne’er, scored above the degree expected for their age compared with one in three of immature people who read everyday. This is once more strongly supported by PIRLS, who reported that â€Å" there is a strong association between the sum of reading for pleasance kids reported and their reading accomplishment. † Guthrie and Wigfield ( 2000 ) besides discovered that kids, who become engaged with reading, provide themselves with â€Å" spontaneous † larning chances that are tantamount to several old ages of instruction. They besides identified that kids with a positive attitude to reading are more likely to pattern the reading accomplishments they are larning at school. Similarly, like Clark and Rumbold ( 2006 ) , Guthrie and Wigfield have focussed chiefly on immature people, through discoursing occupied reading, with its attending being on the part of kids ‘s motive. In add-on to this, research has shown how developing a love of reading is of import for kids ‘s life opportunities. Harmonizing to the OECD ( 2002 ) , detecting ways to prosecute students in reading may be one of the most effectual ways to act upon societal alteration. Their analysis showed that students whose parents had the lowest occupational position, but who were extremely engaged in reading, obtained higher mean reading tonss than pupils whose parents had high or average occupational position but who were ill engaged in reading ( NUT, 2011 ) . â€Å" Reading for Pleasure † is a cardinal policy for the National Union of Teachers ( NUT, 2011:4 ) their usher proposes that, â€Å" the National Curriculum and its statutory appraisal system, Ofsted reviews and the answerability government, mark scene, school betterment and action programs all exert a important influence on what instructors do in the schoolroom. † As a consequence, reading for pleasance can be viewed as a luxury and occurs seldom in the schoolroom. Besides, the inclination towards utilizing infusions from books instead than whole texts for pattern and readying, the attraction and immediateness of a scope of digital media, the shrinking of school and public libraries and the clip demands of guaranting full course of study coverage have all gone against schools promoting students to read for pleasance. Other research into benefits of reading for pleasance has identified that kids who are read to everyday, at age three, have a vocabulary of a kid aged five which is about two months more advanced than those who are non ( Washbook and Waldfogel, 2010 ) . Furthermore, grounds besides illustrates that reading for pleasance can profit kids beyond the schoolroom and into their grownup life, hence enriching the universe around us. The International Reading Association ( 1999 ) believes that kids who enter the grownup universe in the twenty-first century will read and compose more than any other clip in history. They will necessitate advanced degrees of literacy to execute their occupations, run their families and conduct their personal lives etc. They deem literacy to be that of import that they will necessitate it to get by with â€Å" the inundation of information they will happen everyplace they turn. † This is supported by Hargreaves Macintyre ( 2005 ) who stated that hapless reading accomplishments show a relationship with deficiency of employment, lower rewards and fewer chances for promotion. Harmonizing to Clark and Rumbold ( 2006 ) , reading for pleasance has non been a immense research precedence. Nevertheless, surveies are roll uping that emphasise the importance of reading for pleasance, for both educational every bit good as personal development. These surveies show that advancing reading can hold a major impact on kids and their hereafter. However, it should be noted that the bulk of these surveies are based on connected research and would profit from a more strict attack. Motivation for reading Research into reading has identified the importance of reading motive in explicating literacy behavior. Guthrie and Wigfield ( 2000 ) , define reading motive as. â€Å" the person ‘s personal ends, values and beliefs with respect to the subjects, procedures, and results of reading. † They suggest that reading motive is a multi-faceted â€Å" concept † that includes reading ends, intrinsic and extrinsic motive, self-efficacy and societal motive for reading. In add-on to this, the National Literacy Trust ( 2006 ) province that research has repeatedly shown that motive to read lessenings with age, particularly if kids ‘s attitudes towards reading become less positive ( McKenna et al, 1995 ) . Consequently if kids do non bask reading when they are immature, so they are improbable to make so when they get older. In motive research, research workers and practicians have focused chiefly on task-mastery orientation, i.e. wining at a undertaking. Persons with a public presentation orientation enterprise to maximize favorable ratings to their ability ( Thorkildsen and Nicholls, 1998 ) . Performance orientation is seen as extrinsic motive. It is associated with the usage of surface schemes for reading and desire to finish a undertaking instead than to understand or bask a text ( Meece and Miller, 1999 cited in Guthrie and Wigfield, 2000 ) . Wigfield and Guthrie ( 1997 cited in Guthrie and Wigfield, 2000 ) inform that extrinsic motive was made up of three facets. The first being reading for acknowledgment, this is the pleasance in having a touchable signifier of acknowledgment for success. Second, reading for classs, whereby a kid desires to be favorably evaluated by the instructor, and in conclusion competition in reading is the desire to surpass others in reading. In contrast, Ryan and Deci ( 2000 ) refer to intrinsic motive as battle in an activity that is based on personal involvement in an activity itself. Hidi ( 2000 ) , province that readers who are per se motivated are more likely to happen a assortment of subjects that involvement them, and benefit from an attach toing sense of pleasance. It should be noted that although the surveies by Meece and Miller ( 1999 ) , Thorkildsen and Nicholls ( 1998 ) , Ryan and Deci ( 2000 ) and Hidi ( 2000 ) focused chiefly on kids, they were conducted in America and hence attitudes towards reading may be different to those in the UK. However, a study carried out by the International Reading Association ( 1995 ) identified that like the UK, misss possessed more favorable attitudes than male childs at all class degrees. Self efficaciousness is another facet of reading motive. Bandura ( 1986 ) defines it as â€Å" people ‘s opinions of their capablenesss to organize and put to death class of action required to achieve designated types of public presentations. † An person ‘s beliefs about their capablenesss can act upon motive and behavior ( Bandura, 1982 ) . Therefore, in this context, it could be said that when a kid evaluates their ain competency in reading and, believes their attempts have been successful, their assurance is increased and willingness to seek similar and more ambitious books occurs. Additional surveies by Quirk et Al ( 2009 ) and Jackson ( 2002 ) have supported Bandura ‘s theory. Much research into this country has concluded that pupils with high intrinsic motive, a undertaking orientation, and high ego efficaciousness are comparatively active readers and high winners ( Guthrie et al, 2000 ) . Boys V. Girls Harmonizing to ESARD ( 2012 ) surveies have revealed that boys enjoy reading less than misss. A study conducted by Clark and Douglas ( 2011 ) for The National Literacy Trust, identified that there has been a important spread between male childs and misss who enjoy reading. In 2005, 10.7 % more misss than male childs enjoyed reading ; by 2009 this had widened to 15 % . As a consequence of these statistics, Clark and Douglas ( 2011 ) made this bold statement: â€Å" Its deductions are important non merely for literacy but for male childs ‘ wider educational attainment and finally their life chances. † This statement stresses the importance of reading for enjoyment. Besides, despite a big figure of national publicities of reading, focused on male childs between 2005 and 2011, they are still non reading for pleasance every bit much as misss. Had these non occurred, the spread may hold been even wider. Schemes that have been introduced to promote male childs to read hold focussed on two attacks. Through programmes such as the National Literacy Trust ‘s Reading Champions undertaking, the purpose is to alter attitudes to reading. Besides, male childs are given the chance to read by being provided with free reading stuffs from strategies such as Boys into Books. Harmonizing to Maloney ( 2000 ) , the writer of Boys and Books: Building a Culture of Reading Around Our Boys, boys by and large similar to read books that reflect their image of themselves, peculiarly what they aspire to be and what they want to make, i.e. something that they can associate to. Besides, books that can do them laugh and appeal to their sense of mischievousness and fiction that focuses on action more than emotions. Interestingly, boys enjoy books that are portion of a series, such as the Harry Potter series as they appear to supply male childs with a sense of comfort and acquaintance. Possibly unsurprisingly, many male childs tend to be passionate about scientific discipline fiction and phantasy. Finally, newspapers, magazines, amusing books, athleticss cards and direction manuals, these are stuffs that are frequently non available in the schoolroom. Research suggests that when male childs read these stuffs, they do non see themselves to be reading at all, because thes e stuffs are non valued at school. It could be said that The National Literacy Trust provides reasonably valuable and dependable information. 17,089 students aged 8-16 from 112 schools from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales participated in the on-line study on immature people ‘s attitudes towards reading in November and December 2009. One piece of research that has been prevailing throughout looking at gender differences and reading for pleasance is that entree to reading stuffs for male child seems still to be an issue and seems to associate to parental attitudes towards reading. Clark and Douglas ( 2011 ) province that male childs are less likely to state that they have entree to a computing machine, magazines, newspapers or books compared with misss. Besides, whilst 79.1 % of misss say they have books of their ain at place, merely 66.5 % of male childs say they do. This indicates that there may be a demand for runs to turn to societal attitudes around male child ‘s reading, and the parental function in resource proviso suggests that parents may hold a function to play in turn toing the gender spread. Interestingly on arrangement more male childs read and appeared to bask reading more, nevertheless this is merely one category and can non be generalised to the population. The current criterion of instruction of reading in schools The Literacy Guide for Primary Schools 2012-2013 announced that the criterion of instruction of literacy, in primary schools around the United Kingdom is better than it of all time has been. They province that schools are presenting lessons which are thorough, advanced and originative and, as a consequence kids are motivated and larning takes topographic point ( National Literacy Trust, 2012 ) . However, there was still one in five kids neglecting to accomplish the expected degree at Key Stage 2 in 2011. In footings of alteration, the new bill of exchange course of study for English ( 2012 cited in National Literacy Trust 2012 ) puts a strong accent on the instruction of systematic man-made phonics. Furthermore, the Teachers ‘ Standards require for all instructors to â€Å" show an apprehension of and take duty for advancing high criterions of literacy, articulacy and the right usage of Standard English. † ( DfEs, 2012 ) . Ofsted ( 2010 ) characterised excellence in reading by set uping phonic cognition and accomplishments and their application through reading, composing and comprehension of what they ‘re reading. Besides broadening and widening the scope and quality of reading, and eventually, heightening the instruction of reading by its application across the wider course of study. The 12 schools chosen for the Ofsted ( 2010 ) analyze all had above mean consequences in both KS1 and KS2. They represented a scope of cultural and socio economic backgrounds, and the schools were widely distributed and included urban and rural scenes. Although the sum of schools chosen is slightly little, the fact that they represent a spectrum of different backgrounds highlights the fact that any school can accomplish excellence in learning kids to read, and promote reading for pleasance. However, one unfavorable judgment of seting so much focal point on phonics and kids being tested on their reading at the age of six is that kids may be put off reading for pleasance ( Guardian, 2011 ) . The study dismisses past concerns sing frights about the consequence of structured acquisition and instruction on three and four twelvemonth olds by stating that they have small foundation. However, they make the strong point that some of the rules of man-made phonics, such as inflexibleness and adhering merely to decidable books until the kid no longer needs formal systematic phonics instruction, could present an â€Å" unreal ceiling and cut down the motive of kids who want to research books and take on the challenge of reading for themselves † ( Ofsted, 2010 ) . It is agreed that what is of import is that kids who struggle to get the critical accomplishments of blending and segmenting are given as much aid as possible ( Ofsted 2010 ) . Promoting reading for pleasance in the schoolroom Aside from guaranting a deepness of capable cognition in the rules, theory and patterned advance of phonics, instructors need to â€Å" plunge the kids in a rich reading environment † by reading a broad scope of quality texts ( National Literacy Trust, 2012:4 ) . The NUT ( 2011 ) discusses the benefits of kids being read aloud to in the schoolroom. Surveies have shown that kids who are read to are more likely to make better in school both academically and socially. Alan Gibbon, writer and instructor, knows firsthand the benefits of effectual, reading aloud clip. In his ‘Reading for Pleasure ‘ usher, for the NUT, he states that reading aloud is about making a positive reading experience to prosecute the pupils. Therefore instructors need to pattern their enthusiasm for books and reading them. This can be achieved through executing the voices of the different characters in the books: inquiring inquiries every so frequently to happen out what everyone thinks might go on next to assist construct suspense and to do it more interesting for the hearers and, eventually, halting the narrative at an exciting point. This will do the hearer want to come back and read some more. On arrangement, the instructor demonstrated these accomplishments magnificently and it was apparent that the kids loved being read aloud to. It was clear that the instructor was familiar with the book as there was no stumbling over words and phrases which made it much more gratifying for the hearer. The voices were executed brightly and the kids were kept engaged and ever looked frontward to reading more. Obviously, supplying the kids regular clip to read self-chosen books mutely is besides truly of import. Schraw et Al ( 1998 cited in Clark and Rumbold 2006 ) found that there was a positive relationship between pick and affectional facets of reading, such as motive. Children are much more likely to take a book that looks interesting to them. Research from the United Kingdom Literacy Association ( UKLA ) highlighted the demand for quality clip for independent reading in the schoolroom. In school, it was observed, that the kids normally read mutely when they came into the schoolroom first thing in the forenoon, nevertheless, more clip is possibly needed whereby kids get a set sum of clip to read mutely as it appeared that the sum of kids reading for pleasance was comparatively low. One scheme to be considered is Drop Everything and Read ( DEAR ) ( NUT, 2011 ) . At a set clip of the hebdomad, everyone in the school ( including all staff ) , stops what they are making and read something they enjoy for 20/30 proceedingss. Finally reading publicity programmes need to be implemented that make reading an experience that is actively sought out by pupils ( Clark and Rumbold, 2006 ) . There is besides a demand for schools to recognize that a broad scope of reading stuffs will promote pupils to read. From pattern, it was made cognizant that schools tend to read aloud infusions instead than the whole book. A survey commissioned by the educational publishing house Heinemann, portion of Pearson Education, was the first wide-scale research into the usage of books in literacy instruction in the UK. The research involved over 500 primary learning staff from 500 schools in the state. Amazingly, 12 % of primary school instructors said they had ne’er read a complete book with their category. It appears that this depicts a distressing image of dependance on little infusions, instead than whole books, for literacy. The research besides identified that about two-thirds of instructors felt that reading merely extracts in category could potentially turn kids off reading, at the same clip a farther one in five say they saw grounds of this already go oning. It was besides found that six in 10 instructors believe that reading whole books in their schoolrooms would hold existent academic be nefits on their students, both in test public presentation and academic success ( Edinger, 2009 ) . The job that appears to originate here is that if kids are n’t acquiring the experience of reading whole books in category, they may ne’er acquire that grasp for them. Reading extracts merely, may besides intend that you are losing out on the best and most critical spots of a book. Decision To reason, the research suggests that there has been a little diminution in kids reading for pleasance. It is besides apparent that misss tend to read for enjoyment more so than male childs. However, there are spreads in this country, and more research is required. Male childs who do read are more likely to make so for skills-related grounds, such as, to assist them to acquire a occupation in the hereafter ( Clark and Foster, 2005 ) . It has besides been made evident that there are many benefits to reading for pleasance ; these include reading attainment, positive reading attitudes and greater ego assurance as a reader ( Clark and Rumbold, 2006 ) . There are assorted ways to acquire kids reading for pleasance in the schoolroom. Including the instructor reading aloud to them ; seting on the voices of the different characters and, halting to inquire inquiries associating to the book. Besides, giving the kids the chance to read mutely to themselves and giving them the freedom take their ain book. Finally, there are schemes presently in topographic point to promote kids to non merely read more but to besides read for pleasance. Overall the topic of reading for pleasance has been reasonably good researched. However, there are spreads. One subject that requires more focal point is whether higher attainment leads to more enjoyment of reading or greater enjoyment lead to higher attainment as there is small research in this country. Although the bulk of research workers province that kids who read more and, bask reading are better readers, there is no deduction of its causality. Besides, although there is grounds of research into the country of reading motive, much of it has been conducted in America and therefore it is unknown whether it can be made relevant to the UK. For this ground it would be interesting to carry on work in the UK to see if the findings are the same or if they differ. How to cite Do Children Read Purely For Enjoyment Education Essay, Essay examples

Merchant Of Venice Essay Essays (642 words) - Italian Films

Merchant of Venice Essay Many people are villainous in the way they act, and their villainous acts may be rooted in the desire to destroy others, or in the hopes of elevating themselves. Many people may only act "villainous" in reaction to the way they have been treated in the past. Shylock the Jew is the villain or antagonist in the play The Merchant of Venice. Shylock mistreats Antonio the Christian, his daughter, Jessica and Launcelot. The first person Shylock mistreats, is Launcelot. He mistreats this servant by complaining behind Launcelot's back of his laziness. Shylock says, "The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder, Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day More than the wildcat. Drones hive not with me.. ..His borrowed purse." 1 Shylock also acts villainous towards Launcelot by acting belligerent towards him. "Who bids thee call? I do not bid thee call." 2 Shylock mistreats this man because of his poverty, and because Launcelot is socially beneath him. You also start to wonder about how fair Shylock is, when Launcelot is deciding whether or not to leave him. Shylock also mistreats his own daughter, Jessica. He mistreats her by keeping her as a captive in her own house, not letting her out, and not letting her hear the Christian music around her. He orders her to: "Lock up my doors; and when you hear the drum... ..But stop my house's ears-I mean casements. Let not the sound of shallow fopp'ry enter My sober house." 3 Jessica considers her home to be hell, and she calls Launcelot, a "merry little devil". She even states that her father is Satan. Shylock also mistreats his own daughter, by not loving her enough, even to the point where he complains about all of the money he's spending in a search to find her. "Why, there, there, there, there! A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankford! The curse.. ..ill luck stirring but what lights o' my shoulders; no sighs but o' my breathing; no tears but o' my shedding."4 Salerio makes the audience wonder about Shylock, when he raves about when Shylock was calling out, "Oh my ducats, my daughter, my ducats, my daughter.." This makes you wonder which he misses the most. This proves that he mistreats, even his own daughter. He values his money more than his own blood. Shylock mistreats Antonio. He does so by talking behind Antonio's back, and he reveals his hatred of Antonio, when he says, "How like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian; But more for that...Cursed be my tribe If I forgive him!" 5 Shylock feels justified in exacting revenge for all the ills Antonio causes him. He then draws up an unbelievable bond. He blames Antonio for all of his problems, even his race's problems are blamed on people like Antonio, and he feels Christians have persecuted his race when he says, "To bait fish withal. If it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge...The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction." 6 He shows that he will copy the example of Christians. Shylock becomes the true villain when he atkes Antonio to court. These actions prove that Antonio is mistreated by Shylock, the villain. Shylock is the villain of The Merchant of Venice. He mistreats too many people, and then asks for mercy in a court. Shylock is mad for revenge towards all Christians, especially Antonio. He is such a villain that even his daughter and servant are eager to escape him. Villains are oftenly antagonists in story plots and normally are a threat to the main character. Villains normally have motives behind their evil doings. Endnotes: 1. Shakespeare, William. Merchant of Venice. (Washington Square Press, New York, 1957) p. 30 2. Ibid p. 29 3. Ibid p. 30 4. Ibid p. 46 5. Ibid p. 13 6. Ibid p. 44 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------